Multiple Endpoints

Build complete REST APIs with multiple endpoints. Learn CRUD operations (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE), nested resources, error handling, and API design best practices with a full user management example.

In the previous tutorials, you learned to create basic endpoints and make them dynamic. Now you'll learn how to organize multiple endpoints into a cohesive API structure. You'll build a complete user management system with proper HTTP methods, error handling, and realistic responses.

What you'll learn

How to organize multiple related endpoints
Using different HTTP methods properly (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE)
Creating consistent API responses
Implementing proper error handling
Structuring a complete CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) API
Best practices for API design

What you'll build

A complete user management API with these endpoints:

GET /users - List all users
GET /users/:id - Get a specific user
POST /users - Create a new user
PUT /users/:id - Update a user
DELETE /users/:id - Delete a user
GET /users/:id/posts - Get user's posts
POST /users/:id/posts - Create a post for a user
Error responses for various scenarios

Prerequisites

Completed Dynamic Responses tutorial
Understanding of HTTP methods and status codes
Basic knowledge of REST API principles

Step 1: Planning your API structure

Before writing configuration, let's plan our API structure:

Users Resource:

List users: GET /users
Get user: GET /users/:id
Create user: POST /users
Update user: PUT /users/:id
Delete user: DELETE /users/:id

Posts Resource (nested under users):

Get user posts: GET /users/:id/posts
Create user post: POST /users/:id/posts
Get specific post: GET /users/:id/posts/:postId

Error Handling:

404 for not found resources
400 for bad requests
422 for validation errors

Step 2: Create the basic CRUD endpoints

Create a new moclojer.yml file:

# List all users
- endpoint:
    method: GET
    path: /users
    response:
      status: 200
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "users": [
            {
              "id": 1,
              "name": "Alice Johnson",
              "email": "[email protected]",
              "role": "admin",
              "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
            },
            {
              "id": 2,
              "name": "Bob Smith",
              "email": "[email protected]",
              "role": "user",
              "created_at": "2024-01-02T00:00:00Z"
            },
            {
              "id": 3,
              "name": "Carol Davis",
              "email": "[email protected]",
              "role": "user",
              "created_at": "2024-01-03T00:00:00Z"
            }
          ],
          "total": 3,
          "page": 1,
          "per_page": 10
        }

# Get a specific user
- endpoint:
    method: GET
    path: /users/:id
    response:
      status: 200
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "id": {{path-params.id}},
          "name": "User {{path-params.id}}",
          "email": "user{{path-params.id}}@example.com",
          "role": "user",
          "created_at": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z",
          "updated_at": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z",
          "profile": {
            "bio": "This is user {{path-params.id}}'s biography",
            "avatar": "https://api.example.com/avatars/{{path-params.id}}.jpg"
          }
        }

# Create a new user
- endpoint:
    method: POST
    path: /users
    response:
      status: 201
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
        Location: /users/{{json-params.id}}
      body: >
        {
          "id": 12345,
          "name": "{{json-params.name}}",
          "email": "{{json-params.email}}",
          "role": "{{json-params.role}}",
          "created_at": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z",
          "updated_at": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z",
          "message": "User created successfully"
        }

# Update a user
- endpoint:
    method: PUT
    path: /users/:id
    response:
      status: 200
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "id": {{path-params.id}},
          "name": "{{json-params.name}}",
          "email": "{{json-params.email}}",
          "role": "{{json-params.role}}",
          "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z",
          "updated_at": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z",
          "message": "User {{path-params.id}} updated successfully"
        }

# Delete a user
- endpoint:
    method: DELETE
    path: /users/:id
    response:
      status: 200
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "id": {{path-params.id}},
          "message": "User {{path-params.id}} deleted successfully",
          "deleted_at": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"
        }

Step 3: Add nested resources (user posts)

Add post-related endpoints under users:

# Get all posts for a user
- endpoint:
    method: GET
    path: /users/:id/posts
    response:
      status: 200
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "user_id": {{path-params.id}},
          "posts": [
            {
              "id": 1,
              "title": "First post by user {{path-params.id}}",
              "content": "This is the content of the first post",
              "created_at": "2024-01-10T09:00:00Z",
              "updated_at": "2024-01-10T09:00:00Z",
              "status": "published"
            },
            {
              "id": 2,
              "title": "Second post by user {{path-params.id}}",
              "content": "This is the content of the second post",
              "created_at": "2024-01-12T14:30:00Z",
              "updated_at": "2024-01-12T14:30:00Z",
              "status": "published"
            }
          ],
          "total": 2,
          "page": 1,
          "per_page": 10
        }

# Create a new post for a user
- endpoint:
    method: POST
    path: /users/:id/posts
    response:
      status: 201
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
        Location: /users/{{path-params.id}}/posts/{{json-params.post_id}}
      body: >
        {
          "id": 54321,
          "user_id": {{path-params.id}},
          "title": "{{json-params.title}}",
          "content": "{{json-params.content}}",
          "status": "{{json-params.status}}",
          "created_at": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z",
          "updated_at": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z",
          "message": "Post created successfully for user {{path-params.id}}"
        }

# Get a specific post
- endpoint:
    method: GET
    path: /users/:id/posts/:postId
    response:
      status: 200
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "id": {{path-params.postId}},
          "user_id": {{path-params.id}},
          "title": "Post {{path-params.postId}} by user {{path-params.id}}",
          "content": "This is the detailed content of post {{path-params.postId}}",
          "status": "published",
          "created_at": "2024-01-10T09:00:00Z",
          "updated_at": "2024-01-10T09:00:00Z",
          "author": {
            "id": {{path-params.id}},
            "name": "User {{path-params.id}}",
            "email": "user{{path-params.id}}@example.com"
          },
          "tags": ["tutorial", "example", "moclojer"]
        }

Step 4: Add proper error handling

Real APIs need proper error responses. Add these error endpoints:

# User not found
- endpoint:
    method: GET
    path: /users/999
    response:
      status: 404
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "error": "Not Found",
          "message": "User with ID 999 not found",
          "code": "USER_NOT_FOUND",
          "timestamp": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"
        }

# Bad request for invalid user creation
- endpoint:
    method: POST
    path: /users/invalid
    response:
      status: 400
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "error": "Bad Request",
          "message": "Invalid request format",
          "code": "INVALID_REQUEST",
          "timestamp": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"
        }

# Validation error
- endpoint:
    method: POST
    path: /users/validation-error
    response:
      status: 422
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "error": "Validation Failed",
          "message": "The request data is invalid",
          "code": "VALIDATION_ERROR",
          "errors": [
            {
              "field": "email",
              "message": "Email is required"
            },
            {
              "field": "name",
              "message": "Name must be at least 2 characters"
            }
          ],
          "timestamp": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"
        }

Step 5: Add filtering and pagination

Enhance your list endpoints with query parameters:

# Enhanced user listing with filters
- endpoint:
    method: GET
    path: /users
    response:
      status: 200
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "users": [
            {
              "id": 1,
              "name": "Alice Johnson",
              "email": "[email protected]",
              "role": "admin",
              "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
            },
            {
              "id": 2,
              "name": "Bob Smith", 
              "email": "[email protected]",
              "role": "user",
              "created_at": "2024-01-02T00:00:00Z"
            }
          ],
          "pagination": {
            "total": 50,
            "page": "{{query-params.page}}",
            "per_page": "{{query-params.per_page}}",
            "total_pages": 5
          },
          "filters": {
            "role": "{{query-params.role}}",
            "search": "{{query-params.search}}",
            "sort": "{{query-params.sort}}"
          }
        }

Step 6: Add API metadata endpoints

Include helpful metadata endpoints:

# API health check
- endpoint:
    method: GET
    path: /health
    response:
      status: 200
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "status": "ok",
          "service": "user-management-api",
          "version": "1.0.0",
          "timestamp": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z",
          "uptime": "24h 30m",
          "dependencies": {
            "database": "connected",
            "cache": "connected"
          }
        }

# API version info
- endpoint:
    method: GET
    path: /version
    response:
      status: 200
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "version": "1.0.0",
          "build": "2024-01-15",
          "commit": "abc123def",
          "environment": "development"
        }

# API documentation endpoint
- endpoint:
    method: GET
    path: /docs
    response:
      status: 200
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "title": "User Management API",
          "version": "1.0.0",
          "description": "A complete API for managing users and their posts",
          "endpoints": {
            "users": {
              "list": "GET /users",
              "get": "GET /users/:id",
              "create": "POST /users",
              "update": "PUT /users/:id",
              "delete": "DELETE /users/:id"
            },
            "posts": {
              "list": "GET /users/:id/posts",
              "get": "GET /users/:id/posts/:postId",
              "create": "POST /users/:id/posts"
            }
          }
        }

Step 7: Test your complete API

Start your server and test all the endpoints:

# Start the server
moclojer --config moclojer.yml

# Test user CRUD operations
curl http://localhost:8000/users
curl http://localhost:8000/users/123
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"name": "John Doe", "email": "[email protected]", "role": "user"}' \
  http://localhost:8000/users

# Test nested resources
curl http://localhost:8000/users/123/posts
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"title": "My First Post", "content": "Hello World!", "status": "published"}' \
  http://localhost:8000/users/123/posts

# Test with filters
curl "http://localhost:8000/users?role=admin&page=1&per_page=5"

# Test error responses
curl http://localhost:8000/users/999

# Test metadata endpoints
curl http://localhost:8000/health
curl http://localhost:8000/version
curl http://localhost:8000/docs

Best practices demonstrated

Your API now follows several important best practices:

✅ Consistent Response Format

All responses have similar structure with consistent field names.

✅ Proper HTTP Status Codes

200 for successful GET, PUT, DELETE
201 for successful POST (creation)
404 for not found
400 for bad requests
422 for validation errors

✅ RESTful URL Structure

/users for the collection
/users/:id for individual resources
/users/:id/posts for nested resources

✅ Meaningful Error Messages

Error responses include helpful information for debugging.

✅ Resource Relationships

Posts are properly nested under users, showing the relationship.

✅ Pagination Support

List endpoints include pagination metadata.

Your complete API configuration

Here's your complete moclojer.yml with all endpoints organized:

# === HEALTH AND METADATA ===
- endpoint:
    method: GET
    path: /health
    response:
      status: 200
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "status": "ok",
          "service": "user-management-api",
          "version": "1.0.0",
          "timestamp": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"
        }

# === USER MANAGEMENT ===
- endpoint:
    method: GET
    path: /users
    response:
      status: 200
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "users": [
            {
              "id": 1,
              "name": "Alice Johnson",
              "email": "[email protected]",
              "role": "admin",
              "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
            },
            {
              "id": 2,
              "name": "Bob Smith",
              "email": "[email protected]", 
              "role": "user",
              "created_at": "2024-01-02T00:00:00Z"
            }
          ],
          "total": 2,
          "page": "{{query-params.page}}",
          "per_page": "{{query-params.per_page}}"
        }

- endpoint:
    method: GET
    path: /users/:id
    response:
      status: 200
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "id": {{path-params.id}},
          "name": "User {{path-params.id}}",
          "email": "user{{path-params.id}}@example.com",
          "role": "user",
          "created_at": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z",
          "updated_at": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"
        }

- endpoint:
    method: POST
    path: /users
    response:
      status: 201
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "id": 12345,
          "name": "{{json-params.name}}",
          "email": "{{json-params.email}}",
          "role": "{{json-params.role}}",
          "created_at": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z",
          "message": "User created successfully"
        }

- endpoint:
    method: PUT
    path: /users/:id
    response:
      status: 200
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "id": {{path-params.id}},
          "name": "{{json-params.name}}",
          "email": "{{json-params.email}}",
          "updated_at": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z",
          "message": "User updated successfully"
        }

- endpoint:
    method: DELETE
    path: /users/:id
    response:
      status: 200
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "message": "User {{path-params.id}} deleted successfully"
        }

# === POSTS (NESTED UNDER USERS) ===
- endpoint:
    method: GET
    path: /users/:id/posts
    response:
      status: 200
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "user_id": {{path-params.id}},
          "posts": [
            {
              "id": 1,
              "title": "First post by user {{path-params.id}}",
              "content": "Post content here",
              "created_at": "2024-01-10T09:00:00Z"
            }
          ],
          "total": 1
        }

- endpoint:
    method: POST
    path: /users/:id/posts
    response:
      status: 201
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "id": 54321,
          "user_id": {{path-params.id}},
          "title": "{{json-params.title}}",
          "content": "{{json-params.content}}",
          "created_at": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z",
          "message": "Post created successfully"
        }

# === ERROR RESPONSES ===
- endpoint:
    method: GET
    path: /users/999
    response:
      status: 404
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: >
        {
          "error": "Not Found",
          "message": "User with ID 999 not found",
          "code": "USER_NOT_FOUND"
        }

What you've accomplished

✅ Complete CRUD API - Full Create, Read, Update, Delete operations ✅ Nested Resources - Posts under users showing relationships ✅ Proper HTTP Methods - GET, POST, PUT, DELETE used correctly ✅ Error Handling - 404, 400, 422 responses with meaningful messages ✅ Consistent Structure - All responses follow similar patterns ✅ Query Parameters - Filtering and pagination support ✅ API Metadata - Health checks and documentation endpoints

Next steps

You now have a well-structured API! In the final tutorial, you'll put everything together in a real-world example that showcases advanced features.

👉 Real-World Example - Build a complete e-commerce API with advanced features

Need help?

Want practical examples? See CRUD Operations Guide
Need pagination? Check Pagination Guide
Have questions? Join the community discussions